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l=left; r=right; t=top; b=bottom, m=middle.

2–3, 6–7, 8, 9 Kenji Kohiyama; 5 Dreamstime/Tirrasa; 12, 13t, 15t, 18t,

18b, 101t, 108, 133b, 137t, 137b, 140, 149b, 193b, 209t, 216, 218, 223t

Eugenijus Kavaliauskas; 13b, 17t, 97t, 135b, 143b, 147t, 153t, 153b, 159t,

159b, 164, 171b, 172, 175t, 181t, 183t, 185t, 186, 194, 195b, 199, 208,

211r, 214, 217t, 219t, 221t Nicky Bay; 14, 174 Hello MuMu; 15b Christos

Zoumides; 16, 227b Pierre Bornand; 17b Tony (tickspics); 19, 96, 180,

197t, 238 Nature Picture Library/Piotr Naskrecki; 20l Maria Justamond

(rockwolf); 20r, 123t, 161b, 163b, 163t, 165t, 181b, 185b, 210, 213b, 223b,

225b © Andreas Kay, images courtesy of Heinz Schneider and the family

and estate of Andreas Kay; 22 Alekseev, V. I., Mitchell, J., McKellar, R. C.,

Barbi, M., Larsson, H. C. E., and Bukejs, A., “The first described turtle

beetles from Eocene Baltic amber, with notes on fossil Chelonariidae

(Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea),” Foss. Rec., 24, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/

fr-24-19-2021, 2021; 23l, 110 Rixin Jiang; 23r, 166 Chenyang Cai; 24,

120, 150, 225t Frank Deschandol; 25t Thomas Langhans; 25b Warren

photographic; 26 Klaus Bolte; 27t, 90, 98, 122, 132, 138, 139b, 160, 179t,

195t, 196, 201t, 205t, 224 Chien C. Lee; 27b Carina Van Steenwinkel; 28,

130, 148, 157b, 169t, 169b, 203, 207b Tamás Németh; 29t Thomas J. Astle;

29b Tom Patterson; 30 M. W. Baker; 31t, 78, 165b, 187b, 197b, 219b,

220 Ryszard Szczygieł; 31b, 217b Carroll Perkins; 32, 145 Joyce Gross;

33 Achim Kluck; 34 iStockphoto/Henrik_L; 35t, 136, 191t, 212 Bernard

Dupont; 35b Job Aben, 36t K.P. McFarland–Vermont Atlas of Life; 36–37

Shutterstock/Stu Porter; 38 Jim McClarin; 39t Marlin E. Rice; 39b

Dreamstime/Viniciussouza06; 40 Getty Images/Paul Starosta; 41, 191b

Christopher C. Wirth; 42 Maruyama M. “Termitotrox cupido sp. n.

(Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), a new termitophilous scarab species from

the Indo-Chinese subregion, associated with Hypotermes termites,” 2012.

ZooKeys, 254: 89–97. Pensoft Publishers. DOI:10.3897/zookeys.254.4285.;

43t, 114, 125b, 135t Pavel Krásenský; 43b Alamy Stock Photo/Minden

Pictures; 44 Alex Hyde; 45, 127t Nikola Rahmé; 46 Shutterstock/Chantelle

Bosch; 47t, 49b Simon Grove/TMAG; 47b Alamy Stock Photo/

blickwinkel/Hecker; 48, 94, 102, 103t, 104, 106, 112, 113t, 142 Jan

Hamrsky; 49t Yejie Lin; 50t Wikimedia Commons/Warren Steiner; 50b

Derek Sikes; 51t, 51m David Fenwick; 52t Felipe E. Rabanal Gatica; 52b

Jean-Yves Rasplus; 54 Shutterstock/Kuttelvaserova Stuchelova; 55t Alamy

Stock Photo/Nigel Cattlin; 55b © His Majesty the King in Right of

Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food/

Christine Noronha; 56 Shutterstock/Tomasz Klejdysz; 57t Dreamstime/

Tomasz Klejdysz; 57b, 65b, 119t, 171t Radim Gabriš; 58 Marco Colombo;

59t Alamy Stock Photo/Clarence Holmes Wildlife; 59b Li, Y., Simmons,

D. R., Bateman, C. C., Short, D. P. G., Kasson, M.T., et al., “Correction:

New Fungus-Insect Symbiosis: Culturing, Molecular, and Histological

Methods Determine Saprophytic Polyporales Mutualists of Ambrosiodmus

Ambrosia Beetles,” 2016. PLOS ONE 11(1): e0147305. https://doi.

org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147305; 60 Tim Worfolk; 61t Shutterstock/

Stefan Rotter; 61b iStockphoto/NNehring; 62 Alamy Stock Photo/

Deborah Vernon; 63t Bruno de Medeiros 2020; 63b, 161t NL Wild Media/

Nick Volpe; 64 Paul D. Pratt, United States Department of Agriculture;

65t Alamy Stock Photo/Nigel Cattlin; 66b iStockphoto/Bigpra; 66–67

iStockphoto/ollo; 67t Dreamstime/Arisa Thepbanchornchai; 68, 69b

Getty Museum Collection; 69t Dreamstime /Alexey Fedorenko; 70

Alamy Stock Photo/dominic dibbs; 71t Rare Books, Archives and Special

Collections, The University of Melbourne; 71b Battle of the Beetles text ©

M. G. Leonard, Covers © Chicken House 2016, Illustrated by Julia Sardà,

designed by Helen Crawford-White, Reproduced with permission of

Chicken House Ltd. All rights reserved; 72 Shutterstock/Danny Ye;

73t Robert Harding/ Jurgen & Christine Sohns; 73b Shutterstock/

SagePhotography111; 74 Shutterstock/Purino; 75 Alamy Stock Photo/

Album; 76t Alamy Stock Photo/John Cancalosi; 76b Alamy Stock Photo/

Ann and Steve Toon; 77 Alamy Stock Photo/Clarence Holmes Wildlife; 79t

Petr Mückstein (www.bio-foto.com); 79b Terry Priest; 82, 226 Matt Bertone;

84 Julien Vittier & Vincent Nicolas; 85t, 198 Alex Wild/alexanderwild.com;

85b, 115b, 141b, 183b Dash Huang; 86 Jirí Hájek/Natural History

Museum—Czech Republic; 88, 144 © His Majesty the King in Right of

Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food/

Anthony Davies; 89 David Maddison; 92 Katja Schulz; 93, 95t Alamy Stock

Photo/Hakan Soderholm; 95b, 107b, 121b, 128, 155t, 182 John and Kendra

Abbott; 97b Wikipedia/Alpsdake; 99t, 129b, 151t, 162, 205b, 206 Mikhail

M. Omelko; 99b Dr. Alexey Yakovlev; 100 Eddy Wajon; 101b Nature Picture

Library/Claudio Contreras; 103b Nikolai Vladimirov; 105t Jiri Lochman/

Lochman LT; 105b Shutterstock/Dirk Ercken; 107t Alamy Stock Photo/

blickwinkel/Hartl; 111 Rimvydas Kinduris; 113b Max Harhun; 115t, 143t,

154, 158, 188, 189t, 192 Jeffrey P. Gruber; 116 Alexey Polilov; 117t, 117b,

118 Steve Marshall; 119b, 126, 147b, 149t Alamy Stock Photo/Clarence

Holmes Wildlife; 121t Sebastián Jiménez López; 123b Dreamstime/Geza

Farkas; 124, 179b Melvyn Yeo; 125t Alamy StockPhoto/Nigel Cattlin; 127b

Wikimedia Commons/Zi-Wei Yin & Giulio Cuccodoro; 129t Wikimedia

Commons/Siga; 131 Alamy Stock Photo/Bob Gibbons; 133t Shutterstock/

Anest; 134 Steve & Alison Pearson Airlie Beach; 139t Heinz Rothacher; 141t

Julien Touroult; 144t Jean and Fred Hort; 146 Nick Monaghan—lifeunseen.

com; 151b Shutterstock/Petr Mückstein; 152 Benjamin Fabian; 155b Alamy

Stock Photo/Oliver Thompson-Holmes; 156 Alamy Stock Photo/Nenad

Tasic; 157t Andrew Bradford; 167t Bonnie Ott; 167b Gernot Kunz; 168,

201b Alamy Stock Photo/blickwinkel/H. Bellmann/F. Hecker; 170 Julian

Hodgson; 173b Dreamstime/Henrikhl; 173t Shutterstock/Tomasz Klejdysz;

175b Shutterstock/Henrik Larsson; 176 Shutterstock/Celso Margraf;

177t Alamy Stock Photo/Peter Yeeles; 177b Frank Vassen; 178, 193t

Mok Youn Fai; 184 Alamy Stock Photo/WILDLIFE GmbH; 187t

Stefan Verheyen; 189b Matt Bertone; 190 Shutterstock/Dziajda;

200 João P. Burini; 202 Simon Garneau; 204 Alamy Stock Photo/

imageBROKER/André Skonieczny; 207t Agefotostock/Zoonar.com/

Jakub Mrocek; 209b Shutterstock/Chui Wui Jing; 211l Shutterstock/

macrowildlife; 213t Shutterstock/Tomas Vacek; 215 Kristi Ellingsen;

221b Alamy Stock Photo/fishHook Photography; 222 Damien Brouste; 227t

Gilles San Martin. Cover photos: front cover, clockwise from top left:

Shutterstock/Anton Kozyrev; Shutterstock/alslutsky; Shutterstock/Iulian N;

Shutterstock/alslutsky; Shutterstock/Anton Kozyrev; above: Shutterstock/

Anton Kozyrev; below: Shutterstock/Henrik Larsson; Shutterstock/Anton

Kozyrev; Shutterstock/Nicola Dal Zotto; spine: Shutterstock/Anton

Kozyrev; back cover: Shutterstock/Mark Brandon.

PICTURE CREDITS

left | Goliathus regius (Scarabaeidae)

A male Giant Goliath Beetle of Tropical

Africa climbs among ancient fig roots

in a Guinean forest. One of the heaviest

flying insects, it is at risk of disappearing

along with its rainforest home.